Sun protection is a critical aspect of healthcare, particularly in regions with high UV radiation levels like SA. 

As pharmacists, you play a pivotal role in educating and advising patients on effective sun protection strategies. 

UNDERSTANDING UV RADIATION AND ITS RISKS 

SA's geographical location results in high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation throughout the year. UV radiation is a major risk factor for skin cancer, including melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. It also contributes to premature skin aging and other skin disorders. It’s important to understand the types of UV radiation: 

• UVA (320-400 nm): Penetrates deeply into the skin, causing aging and long-term skin damage. 
• UVB (290-320 nm): Causes sunburn and is directly linked to skin cancer. 

KEY SUN PROTECTION STRATEGIES 

1. Broad-spectrum sunscreens:

• SPF 30 or higher: Recommend sunscreens with a Sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30. Broad-spectrum sunscreens protect against both UVA and UVB radiation. 
• Water-resistant formulations: For patients engaging in outdoor activities or swimming, water-resistant sunscreens are essential. 
• Application and reapplication: Advise patients to apply sunscreen generously 15 minutes before sun exposure and reapply every two hours, or more frequently if swimming or sweating. 

2. Protective clothing:

• UPF-rated clothing: Encourage the use of clothing with an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) rating. UPF-rated garments provide an additional layer of protection against UV radiation. 
• Hats and sunglasses: Wide-brimmed hats and UV-blocking sunglasses protect the face, neck, and eyes from harmful rays. 

3. Seeking shade:

• Avoid peak sun hours: Advise patients to seek shade, especially between 10am and 4pm, when UV radiation is at its peak. 
• Use of umbrellas and shelters: Encourage the use of umbrellas, tents, or other shelters when spending extended periods outdoors. 

4. Behavioural changes:

• Regular skin checks: Educate patients on the importance of regular skin self-examinations and professional skin checks for early detection of skin changes or abnormalities. 
• Sun protection for all skin types: Emphasise that sun protection is crucial for all skin types, including darker skin tones, which can also suffer from UV damage and skin cancer. 

ROLE OF PHARMACISTS 

As accessible healthcare professionals, pharmacists are in a prime position to: 

• Provide personalised advice: Offer tailored sun protection advice based on individual patient needs, skin types, and lifestyles. 
• Recommend products: Stock and recommend a range of sun protection products, including sunscreens, protective clothing, and accessories. 
• Educate the community: Participate in community outreach programmes to educate the public about sun safety and the importance of regular skin checks. 
• Cultural practices: Be mindful of cultural practices and preferences that may influence sun protection behaviours. Tailor advice to be culturally sensitive and practical. 

By staying informed and proactive, pharmacists can significantly contribute to reducing the incidence of skin cancer and other UV-related skin conditions. 

SOURCE: Tod B, Whitaker D, Visser W, Isaacs T, Jacobs T, Wiid K, Dlova NC, Wright CY. Integrated sun protection advice for the South African population. Int J Dermatol. 2024 Mar;63(3):277-287. doi: 10.1111/ijd.16980. Epub 2023 Dec 20. PMID: 38124402. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijd.16980.