Dermatologist, Dr Zandile Spengane recently presented a webinar for Pharmacy Magazine on Dry skin made possible by Eucerin. 

The webinar explored the science behind the skin barrier, what causes dry skin, how it manifests, a closer look at specific skin conditions that cause dry, scaly skin and suitable treatment options. 

KEY TAKEAWAYS 

Our skin, the largest organ of our body, plays a crucial role in protecting us from the environment, regulating body temperature, and even synthesising vitamin D. But what happens when this vital barrier weakens? Dry skin, also known as xerosis, is a common condition that can cause discomfort and itchiness. 

THE SCIENCE BEHIND THE SKIN BARRIER 

Healthy skin relies on a complex barrier made up of lipids (fats) like ceramides and fatty acids, and cholesterol. This barrier helps retain moisture and keeps out irritants and allergens. When this barrier function weakens, the skin loses moisture, leading to dryness, irritation, and even cracks. 

WHAT CAUSES DRY SKIN? 

Several factors can contribute to dry skin. Here's a breakdown of some common culprits: 

• Endogenous factors: Age, menopause, certain medical conditions like diabetes and thyroid problems, and medications can all play a role. 
• Exogenous factors: Dry climates, hot or cold weather, excessive showering or handwashing, harsh soaps and detergents, and even friction from clothing can contribute to dry skin. 

HOW DOES DRY SKIN MANIFEST? 

Dry skin can present itself in various ways, including: 

• Rough, dry, and scaly patches 
• Itchiness and irritation 
• Redness and cracking 
• Worsening of pre-existing skin conditions like eczema or psoriasis. 

DRY SKIN AND SPECIFIC CONDITIONS: 

Certain medical conditions can cause or worsen dry skin. Here are a few examples: 

• Menopause: Hormonal changes can lead to drier skin 
• Diabetes: Reduced blood flow to the skin can impact its health 
• Hypothyroidism: This condition can affect skin hydration 
• HIV: Dry skin and itchiness can be symptoms of HIV. 

COMBATING DRY SKIN: EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES 

The good news is that dry skin can be effectively managed with the right approach. Here are some key strategies: 

• Moisturisers: Regularly applying moisturisers with ingredients like emollients, occlusive agents, and humectants can help trap moisture in the skin. 
• Gentle cleansers: Avoid harsh soaps and opt for gentle cleansers that won't strip away natural oils. 
• Lifestyle modifications: Reduce hot showers, manage stress, and stay hydrated to support healthy skin. 

UNDERSTANDING SPECIFIC SKIN CONDITIONS 

During the webinar Dr Spengane broke down several specific skin conditions that can cause dry, scaly skin discussing suitable treatment options including ichthyosis vulgaris, eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, pityriasis rosea, lichen planus, and keratosis pilaris. 

Be sure to watch the webinar replay for a full breakdown of these skin conditions and their treatment options online at www.pharmacymagazine.co.za