In addition, GORD may be a risk factor for other diseases including mental disorders, head and neck, respiratory as well as cardiovascular diseases.²

GORD phenotypes

Based on endoscopic and histopathologic appearance GORD can be classified into distinct phenotypes with unique predisposing cofactors and pathophysiology (see Table 1). ^3,4

Table 1: GORD phenotypes⁴

Risk factors

Risk factors for GORD include:³

• Motor abnormalities (eg oesophageal dysmotility causing impaired oesophageal acid clearance,...